The origin of custom antibodies can arguably be found in some research carried out by biological scientists early in the 1980s with a view towards conceiving and comprehending a new theory of human evolution. Not satisfied with the traditional approach to understanding Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution, one John Gribbin, editor of New Scientist magazine, and Jeremy Cherfas of Oxford University in 1982 proposed a radically new model of human evolution, based partly on biochemical evidence.
An antibody is essentially a protein produced by B cells in the body in response to the presence of antigens, such as bacteria or viruses, being a primary form of immune response in resistance to disease. They act by attaching themselves to a foreign antigen and then proceeding to weaken or destroy it.
Comparative immunology, with a bid toward determining the relationship between organisms was proposed back then to introduce a blood serum protein from a human into a rabbit. The rabbit’s body naturally recognized the protein as foreign and a potential threat, and produced antibodies to remove it from its blood stream. Antibodies are remarkably specific to individual proteins, which themselves typically differ from species to animal species. The proposal was that when the antihuman antibodies produced by Mr. Rabbit are isolated and exposed to proteins from a third animal, say a chimp, only those chimp’s proteins that are identical to human proteins will be recognized and combated by the antibodies.
This is the origin of custom antibodies, producing antibodies specifically to combat certain specific conditions, diseases, or microbes that an individual may be exposed to for whatever reason. The strength of the reaction observed in the above described procedure neatly indicates the degree of evolutionary relationship, making the technique a powerful guide to the evolutionary trees of living animals and of course the manufacture of these proteins that fight infections and disease; and for research purposes.
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